Surface Water Research Articles

STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MELALUI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI AIR BERSIH: STUDI KASUS PENERAPAN REVERSE OSMOSIS DAN PERINTISAN BISNIS

The helplessness of coastal communities in processing salt and brackish water into drinking water is a great irony of modern society, in the midst of technological advances and the industrial era 4.0. The problem in the coastal areas of Sungai Kakap subdistrict, Kubu Raya district, is the lack of availability of clean water and the absence of clean water infrastructure. Peat groundwater in coastal deltas cannot support the use of groundwater sources due to high levels of acid and organic substances. This can trigger problems of poor community sanitation and cause the community's inability to optimize the potential of villages that have abundant natural resources. This activity aims to empower and increase community participation in designing and processing brackish/salt water into drinking water using Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology to meet the need for hygienic ready-to-drink water. Small scale water treatment system design using ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The raw water used comes from river surface water in coastal areas. The small-scale water treatment design consists of two FRP tubes containing filter media, three filter cartridges, and UF and RO membranes. Two thrust pumps, with a minimum pressure specification of 40 m, are used to provide pressure that exceeds osmosis pressure so that raw water can be filtered through the RO membrane. The results of the activity show that the implementation of the RO system has succeeded in increasing the availability of clean water in Sungai Itik Village, which previously experienced challenges in providing adequate water supply. In addition, the integration of local business startups with RO technology opens up new opportunities for local residents to participate in the local economy and increase family income. Key factors supporting the success of this economic empowerment strategy were identified, including active community involvement in planning and implementation, collaboration between local government and local stakeholders, and adoption of new technologies and skills by local communities. This activity provides an important contribution in understanding the role of clean water technology innovation as a catalyst for local economic transformation in coastal areas. The practical implications of these findings can help decision makers in designing sustainable and effective policies to improve the welfare of coastal communities through sustainable economic empowerment. The use of this technology can help increase the availability of clean water in areas that previously experienced difficulties in this regard.

Water Quality Assessment Using the Water Quality Index, and Geographic Information Systems in Nador Canal, Morocco

In recent decades, water pollution has emerged as a significant concern, posing a threat to both humans and natural ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the spatial variations in water quality in the Nador Canal, Morocco using the water quality index combined with multivariate statistical techniques and geographic information systems (GIS). The parameters examined were then compared to the maximum permissible limit values recommended by Moroccan surface water standards and the World Health Organization. The results indicated that the WQI of Nador Canal is generally suitable for irrigation and unsuitable for drinking. It indicated that the quality of surface water in the Nador Canal is affected by organic pollutants, and this is evidenced by low levels of dissolved oxygen, the levels of elements were high, especially chlorine and sodium, in addition to a high concentration of ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate in some of the stations studied. Principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that PC1–PC3 collectively accounted for 73% of the variation in surface water quality within the study area. The cluster analysis also proves that the water quality is relatively polluted. Potential contributing factors to surface water pollution include changes in the hydrological regime, household waste discharges, and agricultural activities. These findings furnish essential insights into water quality, particularly its suitability for irrigation, and contribute to enhancing the water quality management system of the Nador Canal in the Gharb region of Morocco.

Spatiotemporal coupling analysis of surface water and groundwater in Tibet based on multi-source sensors

Abstract. Lakes and groundwater are two crucial components of the global terrestrial water cycle, collectively forming a vital network for Earth's water resources. However, in the Tibetan region, the spatiotemporal relationship between lakes and groundwater and their impact on the local hydrological cycle remain inadequately understood. Satellite remote sensing serves as an effective observational tool, enabling comprehensive investigation and analysis of surface lakes and groundwater in Tibet with high spatial resolution. Therefore, this study integrates Landsat and Cryosat-2 satellite data to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of surface lake extents and water levels in Tibet. Additionally, combining Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite observations with the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) model data, we quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal variations in groundwater storage and its correlation with lake water. The results indicate that: 1) Rivers and lakes in Tibet are mainly located in the central and northwest regions, displaying noticeable intra-annual variations; 2) Substantial lagged relationships exist between groundwater storage and lake water levels and areas, revealing that lakes contribute significantly to groundwater replenishment, especially in the Ngari prefecture and Lhokha prefecture. This study comprehensively utilizes multi-source remote sensing data to dynamically monitor surface and groundwater in Tibet, providing robust support for a better understanding of the interaction between groundwater and surface water.

Unveiling the Dynamics of Cryptosporidium in Urban Surface Water: A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment and Insights into Climatic and Seasonal Influences

In response to global urbanization and economic development, urban surface water pollution has become a universal challenge and particularly affects densely populated megacities, and Dhaka is no exception. The discharge of 98% of untreated domestic sewage and massive volumes of industrial wastewater from over 7000 industries escalate surface water crises. This study investigates microbial and fecal contamination with particular emphasis on Cryptosporidium in surface water, known for causing waterborne diseases, such as cryptosporidiosis. Findings reveal high Cryptosporidium oocyst concentrations and fecal contamination in various water bodies in Dhaka City. Among the investigated water bodies, the Buriganga River exhibits the highest Cryptosporidium oocyst concentration (46%), while the Balu River, Turag River, Shitalakkhya River, Dhanmondi Lake, Gulshan Lake, Banani Lake, Ramna Lake, and Crescent Lake also present high levels of oocyst concentrations ranging from 21–40%. This study also calculated infection risks and found that the infection risk of swimming is highest during the wet season and is (3.9 ± 2.2 (95% CI: 3.0–5.0)) × 10−2 per swimming event, whereas it is approximately (2.4 ± 1.9 (95% CI: 1.6–3.3)) × 10−2 during the dry season. Annual diving risks are approximately (1.2 ± 0.6 (95% CI: 0.9–1.4)) × 10−2, indicating considerably high risks. Most of the sampling sites generally show significantly higher risks than other study areas like the Mymensingh and Kushtia Districts. In light of these results, we strongly recommend immediate measures to address water quality issues and mitigate the risks associated with Cryptosporidium contamination in Dhaka’s surface water.

Future malaria environmental suitability in Africa is sensitive to hydrology

Changes in climate shift the geographic locations that are suitable for malaria transmission because of the thermal constraints on vector Anopheles mosquitos and Plasmodium spp. malaria parasites and the lack of availability of surface water for vector breeding. Previous Africa-wide assessments have tended to solely represent surface water using precipitation, ignoring many important hydrological processes. Here, we applied a validated and weighted ensemble of global hydrological and climate models to estimate present and future areas of hydroclimatic suitability for malaria transmission. With explicit surface water representation, we predict a net decrease in areas suitable for malaria transmission from 2025 onward, greater sensitivity to future greenhouse gas emissions, and different, more complex, malaria transmission patterns. Areas of malaria transmission that are projected to change are smaller than those estimated by precipitation-based estimates but are associated with greater changes in transmission season lengths.

Pepper mild mottle virus intended for use as a process indicator for drinking water treatment: Present forms and quantitative relations to norovirus and rotavirus in surface water

Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) has been proposed as a potential indicator of human enteric viruses in environmental water and for viral removal during drinking water treatment. To investigate the occurrence and present forms of PMMoV and quantitative relations to norovirus GII and rotavirus A (RVA) in surface waters, 147 source water samples were collected from 21 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Japan between January 2018 and January 2021, and the concentrations of viruses in suspended and dissolved fractions were measured using real-time RT-PCR. PMMoV was detected in 81–100 % of samples in each sample month and observed concentrations ranged from 3.0 to 7.0 log10 copies/L. The concentrations of PMMoV were higher in dissolved fraction compared to suspended fractions, while different partitioning was observed for NoV GII depending on seasons. The concentrations of PMMoV were basically higher than those of norovirus GII (1.9−5.3 log10 copies/L) and RVA (1.9−6.6 log10 copies/L), while in 18 samples, RVA presented higher concentrations than PMMoV. Partial regions of VP7, VP4, and VP6 of the RVA in the 18 samples were amplified using nested PCR, and the genotypes were determined using an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach. We found that these source water samples included not only human RVA but also various animal RVA and high genetic diversity due to the existence of animal RVA was associated with a higher RVA concentration than PMMoV. Our findings suggest that PMMoV can be used as an indicator of norovirus GII and human RVA in drinking water sources and that the indicator performance should be evaluated by comparing to zoonotic viruses as well as human viruses.

Microbial community response to hydrocarbon exposure in iron oxide mats: an environmental study

Hydrocarbon pollution is a widespread issue in both groundwater and surface-water systems; however, research on remediation at the interface of these two systems is limited. This interface is the oxic–anoxic boundary, where hydrocarbon pollutant from contaminated groundwaters flows into surface waters and iron mats are formed by microaerophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Iron mats are highly chemically adsorptive and host a diverse community of microbes. To elucidate the effect of hydrocarbon exposure on iron mat geochemistry and microbial community structure and function, we sampled iron mats both upstream and downstream from a leaking underground storage tank. Hydrocarbon-exposed iron mats had significantly higher concentrations of oxidized iron and significantly lower dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved phosphate than unexposed iron mats. A strong negative correlation between dissolved phosphate and benzene was observed in the hydrocarbon-exposed iron mats and water samples. There were positive correlations between iron and other hydrocarbons with benzene in the hydrocarbon-exposed iron mats, which was unique from water samples. The hydrocarbon-exposed iron mats represented two types, flocculent and seep, which had significantly different concentrations of iron, hydrocarbons, and phosphate, indicating that iron mat is also an important context in studies of freshwater mats. Using constrained ordination, we found the best predictors for community structure to be dissolved oxygen, pH, and benzene. Alpha diversity and evenness were significantly lower in hydrocarbon-exposed iron mats than unexposed mats. Using 16S rDNA amplicon sequences, we found evidence of three putative nitrate-reducing iron-oxidizing taxa in microaerophile-dominated iron mats (Azospira, Paracoccus, and Thermomonas). 16S rDNA amplicons also indicated the presence of taxa that are associated with hydrocarbon degradation. Benzene remediation-associated genes were found using metagenomic analysis both in exposed and unexposed iron mats. Furthermore, the results indicated that season (summer vs. spring) exacerbates the negative effect of hydrocarbon exposure on community diversity and evenness and led to the increased abundance of numerous OTUs. This study represents the first of its kind to attempt to understand how contaminant exposure, specifically hydrocarbons, influences the geochemistry and microbial community of freshwater iron mats and further develops our understanding of hydrocarbon remediation at the land–water interface.

Classification of Pollution Sources and Their Contributions to Surface Water Quality Using APCS-MLR and PMF Model in a Drinking Water Source Area in Southeastern China

Identifying the potential pollution sources of surface water pollutants is essential for the management and protection of regional water environments in drinking water source areas. In this study, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were applied to assess water quality and identify the potential pollution sources affecting the surface water quality of Xin’an River Basin. For this purpose, a 10-year (2011–2020) dataset of eight water quality indicators (including pH, EC, DO, COD, NH3-N, TN, TP, and FC) covering eight monitoring stations and 7248 monthly observations was used. The results indicated that Pukou section had the worst water quality among the eight monitoring stations, and TN was the most serious water quality index. Both the APCS-MLR and PMF models identified agricultural nonpoint source pollution, urban nonpoint source pollution and rural domestic pollution, and meteorological factors. The sum of these three sources was very close, accounting for 60% and 58%, respectively. The APCS-MLR results demonstrated that for EC, COD, and NH3-N, the major pollution sources were urban nonpoint sources and rural domestic pollution. The major contamination source of TN was agricultural nonpoint source pollution (30.4%). Meanwhile, the major pollution sources of pH, DO, TP, and FC were unidentified factors. The PMF model identified five potential sources, and pH and DO were affected by meteorological factors. NH3-N and TP were influenced mainly by agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Atmospheric deposition was the major pollution source (87.9%) of TN. FC was mostly derived from livestock and poultry breeding (88.3%). EC and COD were mostly affected by urban nonpoint sources and rural domestic pollution. Therefore, receptor models can help managers identify the major sources of pollution in watersheds, but the major factors affecting different pollutants need to be supplemented by other methods.

Simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoid insecticides and five metabolites in water samples by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry unveils an overlooked risk

AbstractNeonicotinoids (NEOs), highly selective toward insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, are extensively used due to their effectiveness against pests and relative non‐toxicity to vertebrates. However, their prolonged persistence in soil and water has led to frequent detection in food and environmental samples, posing significant environmental and health concerns. Recent research indicates these pesticides infiltrate aquatic ecosystems, threatening aquatic life and human health. Here, we improved the ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method for detecting NEOs in water samples, increasing its sensitivity to fulfill forthcoming detection needs. This approach enables the simultaneous quantification of eight NEOs and five NEO metabolites in diverse water sources, including tap, surface, groundwater, sewage, and seawater. Our method achieves remarkably low detection limits for direct injection (0.78–1.7 ng/L) and solid‐phase extraction methods (0.13–0.25 ng/L). Critically, our findings reveal that boiling domestic drinking water doesn't degrade NEOs; instead, it increases their concentration due to water evaporation. A 6‐min boiling period can amplify pesticide concentration by 4–5 times, presenting a significant hazard in culinary practices of specific regions where prolonged cooking could lead to alarmingly high levels of these insecticides. This research underscores the importance of monitoring and mitigating NEO contamination in water sources to safeguard environmental and public health.

Urban lakes change extraction using time series GaoFen-1 satellite imagery

Abstract. Urban lakes serve an indispensable role in maintaining the ecological balance of cities, ensuring flood safety, and providing recreational spaces for tourism. With the development of human activities and economic, the extent of urban lakes are inevitably influenced. Currently, the ability to detect detailed temporal changes in urban lake areas using high resolution data still has limitations. This study proposed a novel method by combining time series Gaofen-1 (GF-1) remote sensing data and random forest machine learning algorithm to explore the urban lakes change Zhushan Lake located in Wuhan. The research conducted the extraction of surface water for Zhushan Lake and its surrounding pit-ponds from 2013 to 2020. And then, a quantitative analysis of the characteristics and driving factors of lake changes is conducted. We find that (1) the accuracy of surface water extraction using the random forest classification method consistently exceeded 96%. The Kappa coefficient ranges from a minimum of 0.86 to a maximum of 0.99. (2) A noticeable decline was observed in the water areas of Zhushan Lake and its surrounding pit-ponds, predominantly along the northwestern shoreline and in the eastern pond regions. This decline is primarily attributed to pressures from building construction. The methodology proposed in this study is suitable for the area management of lakes in urban areas.

Surface Water Resources Planning in an Ungauged Transboundary Basin Using Satellite Products and the AHP Method

Global concern over optimizing transboundary water resources for residents is hindered by the lack of observational data, particularly in ungauged basins, mainly due to inaccessibility or security issues. Remote sensing and GIS technology provide a practical solution for monitoring and managing water resources in such basins. This research evaluates surface water resources in the Qaretikan ungauged transboundary basin using satellite products for precipitation, temperature, and evapotranspiration from 2005 to 2014. The accuracy of these datasets was assessed using statistical measures. The water balance components, i.e., precipitation and evaporation, were utilized to calculate runoff over the basin using the Justin method. Downstream environmental flow was estimated using the Lyon method, and available water was determined. This study identified a potential annual storage water of 11.8 MCM in the Qaretikan basin. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) integrated expert opinions to prioritize water usage decisions based on proposed decision options. The results revealed greenhouse cultivation water allocation as the top priority among the identified options, highlighting its importance in sustainable water resource management within the basin.

Metal–Organic Framework Fe-BTC as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Electro-Fenton Treatment of Tetracycline

This study explores the use of the iron-containing metal–organic framework (MOF), Basolite®F300, as a heterogeneous catalyst for electrochemically-driven Fenton processes. Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have shown promise on the abatement of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Tetracyclines (TC) are a frequently used class of antibiotics that are now polluting surface water and groundwater sources worldwide. Acknowledging the fast capability of EAOPs to treat persistent pharmaceutical pollutants, we propose an electrochemical Fenton treatment process that is catalyzed by the use of a commercially available MOF material to degrade TC. The efficiency of H2O2 generation in the IrO2/carbon felt setup is highlighted. However, electrochemical oxidation with H2O2 production (ECO-H2O2) alone is not enough to achieve complete TC removal, attributed to the formation of weak oxidant species. Incorporating Basolite®F300 in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process results in complete TC removal within 40 min, showcasing its efficacy. Additionally, this study explores the effect of varying MOF concentrations, indicating optimal removal rates at 100 mg L−1 due to a balance of kinetics and limitation of active sites of the catalysts. Furthermore, the impact of the applied current on TC removal is investigated, revealing a proportional relationship between current and removal rates. The analysis of energy efficiency emphasizes 50 mA as the optimal current, however, balancing removal efficiency with electrical energy consumption. This work highlights the potential of Basolite®F300 as an effective catalyst in the HEF process for pollutant abatement, providing valuable insights into optimizing electrified water treatment applications with MOF nanomaterials to treat organic pollutants.

The binding energy distribution of H2S: why it is not the major sulphur reservoir of the interstellar ices

Abstract Despite hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been predicted to be the major reservoir of S-bearing species on the icy mantles of interstellar grains, no solid H2S has been detected so far. A crucial parameter that governs whether or not a species remains frozen onto the grain mantles is its binding energy (BE). We present a new computational study of the H2S BE on a large amorphous water ice surface, constituted by 200 water molecules. The resulting H2S BE distribution ranges from 57 K (0.5 kJ/mol) to 2406 K (20.0 kJ/mol), with the average μ = 984 K (8.2 kJ/mol). We discuss the reasons why the low bound of the newly computed BE distribution, which testifies to the very weak interaction of H2S with the ice surface, has never been found by previous theoretical or experimental works before. In addition, the low H2S BEs may also explain why frozen H2S is not detected in interstellar ices. Following previous molecular dynamics studies that show that the energy of reactions occurring on ice surfaces is quickly absorbed by the water molecules of the ice and conservatively assuming that 10% of the HS + H → H2S formation energy (-369.5 kJ/mol) is left to the newly formed H2S, its energy is more than twice the largest BE and 5 times the average BE and, hence, H2S will most likely leave the water surface.

Impacts of riverbed aggradation on groundwater regime in a lowland area

Abstract In this study, the influence of riverbed silting on the groundwater regime in a lowland area was investigated. The study area is situated at the Rye Island (Žitný Ostrov) in Slovakia, along the Gabčíkovo – Topoľníky canal, which is part of the drainage-irrigation canal system constructed in this locality. The Rye Island is an area with very low slope (0.25 10–4) and good climatic conditions for aquatic vegetation, therefore the canals are influenced by intensive silting processes. The spatial and temporal patterns of surface water – groundwater exchange are significantly influenced by the thickness of riverbed sediments and their permeability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness and hydraulic conductivity of bed sediments in the Gabčíkovo – Topoľníky canal and to examine their influence on the groundwater – surface water interaction in the area. The hydraulic conductivity of the sediments was assessed from undisturbed samples by the falling head method. The obtained data were used for numerical simulations of groundwater heads by the TRIWACO model for different drainage and infiltration resistance conditions in the area of interest. The results of this study can support the planning of canal maintenance.

A Paper on Floating Solar Power Plants: A Review

Combining marine and renewable energy technology is an eco-friendly technique to produce electricity. Solar panels are made to float on the surface of water, like in a dam or reservoir. Underwater lines deliver electricity to a transmission tower. A floating solar power plant comprises essential elements: the solar module, buoyancy system, and corrosion-resistant components. These anti-corrosion elements encompass vertical and horizontal frames, an inspection footrest, and a module mounting assembly. In addition to passing the drinking water test, the solar module should be lead-free, dust-proof, humidity-resistant, and resistant to the impacts of transient water jets. Polyethylene, used to build the buoyancy body, has a 2.5 times weight capacity. K-water's floating structure is created using magnesium alloy coating product. In comparison to ground mounted PV (GPV), FPV has a number of benefits that are addressed in this review. The influence of FSPP on water quality and aquatic life is where there is a significant study void. This review paper looks at the most recent FSPP research and analyzes its advantages, disadvantages, and prospects. In terms of different water bodies that can be employed, system effectiveness, worldwide potential, and possibility for integrating FSPP with other technologies, the evaluation sheds further light on FSPP. Key Words: Renewable energy, floating solar power Plant, floating Solar System, floating solar PV installations in the world. Conventional solar power plant (CSPP).

Intricate multiple scattering features of artificial facilities in X-Band SAR images

Abstract. Due to the intricate distortion and reflection geometry of the SAR signal, it is typically difficult to determine the multiple scattering of large artificial objects in SAR images. This work presents a scattering point path tracking model that utilizes the real three-dimensional dimensions of targets, based on the geometric optics method. Three different artificial structures, including light poles, cable stayed bridges, and power transmission lines, are carefully analysed in time-series SAR images with their simulated multiple scattering results. The results demonstrate that the routes determined by the model are consistent with the multiple scattering features on SAR images. Moreover, the time-series data demonstrate that ripples in the water's surface have a significant impact on the multi-scattering features of power lines and bridges. The double scattering features of the light pole provides a novel approach to the process of permanent scatterers (PS) in urban areas. The instances presented in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the scattering point path tracking model in identifying the various artificial facility targets on different reflective surfaces. It will be a useful tool for deciphering the multiple scattering of large artificial structures when their 3D model is known.

Assessing ecosystem services of mountain lakes

From global to local scales, human-induced environmental changes can impact mountain lakes by, for example, altering species composition, trophic state, and thermal dynamics, thereby affecting ecosystem functions and processes. However, the consequences of these changes on ecosystem services (ES) of mountain lakes are unclear due to a lack of integrative assessments. Therefore, this dissertation adopts an interdisciplinary ES perspective to improve insight into human interactions with mountain lakes and the potential social and ecological impacts of anthropogenic pressures on them. Stakeholder consultations highlighted the importance of regulating, cultural, and provisioning ES of natural mountain lakes, emphasizing habitat, aesthetics, recreation, education and research, and surface water, with nature-based experiences as being a key aspect of human interaction with mountain lakes. Multiple indicators were proposed to quantify potential supply of these ES, revealing variations among case study lakes in the European Alps. These results informed an integrative valuation approach and exposure assessment to anthropogenic pressures, suggesting that ES by mountain lakes are sensitive to climate change-related and human use pressures. Overall, the findings advance a social-ecological understanding of mountain lakes and indicate towards the need for adaptive lake management to maintain ES under potential anthropogenic pressure.

Distribution patterns and environmental risk assessments of microplastics in the lake waters and sediments from eight typical wetland parks in Changsha city, China

The quality of water in urban parks is closely related to people’s daily lives, but the pollution caused by microplastics in park water and sediments has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, eight typical parks in the urban area of Changsha, China, were selected, and Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the spatial distributions and compositions of the microplastics in the water and sediments, analyze their influencing factors, and evaluate their environmental risks. The results showed that the abundances of surface water microplastics in all parks ranged from 150 to 525 n L−1, and the abundances of sediment microplastics ranged from 120 to 585 n kg−1. The microplastics in the surface water included polyethylene terephthalate (PET), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and fluororubber (FLU), while those in the sediments included polyvinyl chloride (PVC), wp-acrylate copolymer (ACR), and CPE. Regression analyses revealed significant positive correlations between human activities and the abundances of microplastics in the parks. Among them, the correlations of population, industrial discharge and domestic wastewater discharge with the abundance of microplastics in park water were the strongest. However, the correlations of car flow and tourists with the abundance of microplastics in park water were the weakest. Based on the potential ecological risk indices (PERI) classification assessment method, the levels of microplastics in the waters and sediments of the eight parks were all within the II-level risk zone (53–8,549), among which the risk indices for Meixi Lake and Yudai Lake were within the IV risk zone (1,365–8,549), which may have been caused by the high population density near the park. This study provides new insights into the characteristics of microplastics in urban park water and sediment.

Occurrence, fate, transport, and removal technologies of emerging contaminants: A review on recent advances and future perspectives

AbstractEmerging contaminants (ECs) are a category of relatively newly identified chemicals lacking regulatory status and generally of synthetic origin. ECs encompass a range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, antidiabetics, pesticides, personal care products (PCPs), and endocrine‐disrupting chemicals. ECs are frequently found in surface water, groundwater, and wastewater. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often identified as sources of these chemicals. ECs enter wastewater through improper disposal or usage of consumer goods, agricultural runoff, toxic spillage, and prescription drug excretion in urine and feces, as the human body metabolizes a fraction of administered drugs. The presence of ECs in aquatic environments poses a significant threat, as they can potentially harm both the ecosystem and humans, even at low concentrations. For a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of ECs, it is essential for researchers to investigate the occurrence, sources, fate, and transport of these substances in wastewater. This review investigates the origins and ultimate fate of these ECs, examining their interactions with the surrounding aquatic environments. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and behaviors of ECs through an in‐depth analysis. This review discusses treatment techniques and processes and examines potential pathways for future advancement.

Global WaterPack - The development of global surface water over the past 20 years at daily temporal resolution

Open surface water across the globe is essential for many life forms and is an important source for human settlements, agriculture, and industry. The presence and variation in time and space is influenced by different natural conditions (e.g. climate, topography, geology) and human use (e.g. irrigation, flood protection). The information on the spatial and temporal distribution of open surface water is fundamental for many disciplines and is also required as an essential parameter for hydrological and climatological modelling. Here, we present a dataset derived from satellite earth observation, which is based on more than 6.3 million single MODIS products with a volume of approx. 300 TB. The resulting dataset reflects the situation of open surface water on a global scale for each day over the time period from 2003 to 2022 at a spatial resolution of 250 m. The dataset enables the analysis of the development of lake and reservoir surface areas, freezing cycles, and inundation areas.